讲解

【词形变化】

【词义辨析】

affect, influence, impress

这些动词均含“影响”之意。
affect: 作主语通常是物而不是人，指一物对另一物产生的消极影响。
influence: 侧重在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响。
impress: 强调影响既深刻又持久。

affect, effect, influence

均可表示“影响”。
affect: 动词(及物)，主要指一时的影响，着重影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏)，也可指不良影响。

• To affect a policy is to have an effect on it.
  影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。
• The news did not affect her at all.＝The news had no effect on her at all.
  这条消息对她没有一点影响。

effect: 名词(可数或不可数)，affect＝have an effect on。effect有时虽用作动词(及物)，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“产生”等。

• They effected their escape in the middle of the night.
  他们半夜逃脱了。
• He effected great changes in the company.
  他使公司发生了巨大的变化。

influence: 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词)。

• What you read influences your thinking.
  你读的东西对你的思想有影响。
• It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso.
  她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。
• Television has a strong influence on people.
  电视对人有很大的影响。

英英解释:

名词 influence:

1. a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc
2. causing something without any direct or apparent effort
3. a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do
4. the effect of one thing (or person) on another
5. one having power to influence another

动词 influence:

1. have and exert influence or effect

同义词：act upon, work

2. shape or influence; give direction to

同义词：determine, shape, mold, regulate

3. induce into action by using one's charm

同义词：charm, tempt

本刊例句：Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a neurotransmitter, influences the cortical and subcortical excitatory/inhibitory balance.